For the correct answer choice:
Physiological anemia of pregnancy is correct. This condition is common during pregnancy due to increased blood volume, which dilutes red blood cells and can result in lower hemoglobin levels, especially in the second trimester.

For incorrect answer choices:
Chronic fatigue syndrome is incorrect. This diagnosis involves more persistent fatigue that is not directly attributed to physiological changes during pregnancy.

Dehydration due to inadequate fluid intake is incorrect. Although dehydration can cause dizziness, it is not indicated in this case based on the client’s normal dietary assessment.

Preexisting anemia is incorrect. The information provided shows no evidence of anemia prior to pregnancy; the findings suggest a physiological adaptation rather than a pre-existing condition.

For the correct answer choice:
Ventricular fibrillation is correct. This rhythm is characterized by disorganized electrical activity leading to ineffective contractions and no identifiable QRS complexes, requiring immediate intervention.

For incorrect answer choices:
Atrial flutter is incorrect. This rhythm is characterized by a rapid but organized atrial rate with distinct "sawtooth" patterns.

Ventricular tachycardia is incorrect. This rhythm typically has a rapid heart rate with wide QRS complexes but does not present with chaotic electrical activity.

Sinus bradycardia is incorrect. This rhythm is characterized by a slow heart rate with identifiable P waves and QRS complexes.

For the correct answer choice:
Monitoring the insertion site for bleeding and hematoma formation is correct. This intervention is critical to ensure there are no complications related to the catheterization site, especially after an invasive cardiac procedure.

For incorrect answer choices:
Encouraging deep breathing exercises to prevent atelectasis is incorrect. While this is important, the immediate focus should be on assessing the insertion site for any complications.

Assessing for any changes in the patient’s level of consciousness is incorrect. This is important but not the top priority compared to monitoring the site where invasive procedures were performed.

Documenting the patient's vital signs and procedure outcomes is incorrect. While documentation is important, ensuring the patient’s stability and monitoring for complications takes precedence.

For the correct answer choice:
Peaked T waves is correct. This finding suggests hyperkalemia, which can lead to serious cardiac complications, so the nurse should notify the HCP before administering potassium chloride.

For incorrect answer choices:
Prolonged QT interval is incorrect. While this finding may indicate potential issues, it is less immediately concerning in the context of potassium administration as peaked T waves.

Regular heart rhythm is incorrect. A regular rhythm indicates stability and does not suggest an immediate need to withhold potassium.

Decreased heart rate is incorrect. While bradycardia can be a concern, it does not specifically relate to the effects of potassium chloride infusion as directly as peaked T waves.

For the correct answer choice:
Always keep the oxygen tank upright and secured during transport is correct. This practice helps prevent accidents, such as tipping or falling, which could lead to injury or damage.

For incorrect answer choices:
It is okay to use electrical devices without checking for static electricity is incorrect. Patients should be cautious of static electricity, which can ignite oxygen, especially in dry environments.

Oxygen can be stored in the bathroom for easy access is incorrect. Oxygen tanks should be kept in a well-ventilated area, away from moisture and heat sources like bathrooms.

The oxygen tank should be kept near the stove for convenience is incorrect. Oxygen is highly flammable, and keeping it near heat sources such as the stove poses a serious safety risk.

For the correct answer choice:
Respiratory alkalosis is correct. The elevated pH indicates alkalosis, while the decreased PaCO2 suggests hyperventilation as the cause of this condition.

For incorrect answer choices:
Metabolic acidosis is incorrect. This would typically present with a low pH and bicarbonate level, not an elevated pH.

Respiratory acidosis is incorrect. This would show a low pH and high PaCO2, contrary to the values given.

Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect. Although the pH is elevated, metabolic alkalosis would usually not present with decreased PaCO2 without compensatory mechanisms being in place.

For the correct answer choice:
Fowler's is correct. This position enhances lung capacity and aids in the effectiveness of coughing and deep breathing exercises, facilitating recovery.

For incorrect answer choices:
Lithotomy is incorrect. This position is typically used for gynecological examinations and does not assist with breathing exercises.

Trendelenburg is incorrect. This position can increase pressure on the diaphragm, making breathing more difficult.

Supine is incorrect. Although sometimes used postoperatively, this position does not provide the best support for lung expansion compared to Fowler's position.

For the correct answer choice:
Brachial is correct. The brachial pulse is the most appropriate location for assessing circulation in infants during CPR, as it allows for accurate detection of pulse in a small anatomy.

For incorrect answer choices:
Temporal is incorrect. This site is not recommended for pulse assessment in infants during resuscitation as it may not provide a reliable reading.

Popliteal is incorrect. This pulse site is not practical for infants during a code and is difficult to assess in this context.

Radial is incorrect. The radial pulse is not the ideal choice for infants due to the difficulty in palpation and reliability in an emergency situation.

For the correct answer choice:
Compartment syndrome is correct. The presence of severe pain, swelling, and a sensation of tightness indicates that the pressure within the muscle compartment may be elevated, leading to this serious condition.

For incorrect answer choices:
Osteomyelitis is incorrect. This is an infection of the bone that typically presents with localized pain and fever, not immediately after a cast is applied.

Cast syndrome is incorrect. This condition refers to the compression of the mesenteric artery due to a tight cast, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms rather than localized pain and swelling in the extremity.

Phlebitis is incorrect. While this condition can cause pain and swelling, it is related to inflammation of a vein and does not typically occur in the context of casting.

For the correct answer choice:
Ensure the stool does not come into contact with urine is correct. Contamination can affect test results, so keeping the specimen free from urine is important.

For incorrect answer choices:
Freeze the specimen immediately after collection is incorrect. The sample should not be frozen; refrigeration is preferred to maintain viability.

Collect the sample in a regular kitchen container is incorrect. An appropriate sterile container is necessary to prevent contamination and ensure accurate testing.

Store the sample in the refrigerator for more than 24 hours is incorrect. The sample should be delivered to the lab as soon as possible, typically within 24 hours, for accurate testing.

For the correct answer choice:
A blood pressure of 90/58 mmHg and heart rate of 102 beats per minute is correct. This indicates a drop in blood pressure upon standing, which meets the criteria for orthostatic hypotension due to a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure.

For incorrect answer choices:
A blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg and heart rate of 75 beats per minute is incorrect. This finding does not indicate orthostatic hypotension as the blood pressure remains stable upon standing.

A blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg and heart rate of 82 beats per minute is incorrect. This indicates no significant change in blood pressure, which does not suggest orthostatic hypotension.

A blood pressure of 135/88 mmHg and heart rate of 80 beats per minute is incorrect. This finding shows normal or elevated blood pressure, not indicative of orthostatic hypotension.

For the correct answer choice:
Serum glucose level of 45 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L) is correct. This level indicates hypoglycemia, which can lead to critical complications and requires immediate intervention.

For incorrect answer choices:
Creatinine level of 0.8 mg/dL (70.7 µmol/L) is incorrect. This level is within the normal range, indicating normal kidney function and does not necessitate urgent attention.

Potassium level of 4.2 mEq/L (4.2 mmol/L) is incorrect. This level is within normal limits and does not require immediate action.

Albumin level of 3.2 g/dL (32 g/L) is incorrect. While this level is slightly low, it is not an urgent concern and typically does not require immediate intervention.

For the correct answer choice:
Prone position to promote hip extension is correct. This position helps prevent flexion contractures and promotes proper alignment of the residual limb.

For incorrect answer choices:
Sitting position with the residual limb dangling is incorrect. Dangling can increase swelling and discomfort.

Supine position with the residual limb supported is incorrect. The limb should be properly elevated to prevent swelling.

Fowler’s position with the knees flexed is incorrect. Flexing the knees can cause complications and should be avoided immediately post-surgery.

For the correct answer choice:
Checking the blood type and crossmatch with another nurse is correct. This step is crucial to prevent transfusion reactions and ensure patient safety by confirming compatibility.

For incorrect answer choices:
Administering premedication for allergic reactions is incorrect. While this may be appropriate in certain cases, there are more critical actions prior to starting the transfusion.

Documenting vital signs before the transfusion is incorrect. While it is necessary to document vital signs, the verification of blood compatibility is the priority.

Ensuring the patient's IV access is patent with a 22-gauge needle is incorrect. Although IV access is important, the verification of blood products is the most critical nursing action.

For the correct answer choice:
Having osteoporosis diagnosed 5 years ago is correct. Osteoporosis significantly weakens bones, making fractures more likely, especially in older adults.

For incorrect answer choices:
Controlled hypertension for the last decade is incorrect. While hypertension is a chronic condition, it does not directly contribute to the risk of fractures.

A history of hyperlipidemia is incorrect. This condition is related to cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health, not directly to bone density or fracture risk.

Being a former smoker who quit 10 years ago is incorrect. While smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis, having quit significantly reduces that risk over time, and thus it is not the most critical factor here.