For the correct answer choice:
4 mL is correct. First, convert 0.2 mg to mL using the concentration (5 mg in 100 mL means 0.05 mg/mL) to find the volume needed. Therefore, 0.2 mg / 0.05 mg/mL = 4 mL.

For incorrect answer choices:
0.2 mL is incorrect. This amount is much lower than the needed dose.

0.5 mL is incorrect. This is still insufficient for the prescribed amount.

0.1 mL is incorrect. This is significantly less than the required dosage.

For the correct answer choice:
"It helps to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection." is correct. Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic that specifically targets and kills bacteria in the urinary tract, thereby treating the infection.

For incorrect answer choices:
"It reduces the acidity of the urine to aid healing." is incorrect. Nitrofurantoin does not primarily function by altering urine acidity.
"It provides pain relief associated with the infection." is incorrect. Nitrofurantoin does not serve as a pain reliever; it is used to treat the infection itself.
"It promotes increased urine flow to remove the infection." is incorrect. Nitrofurantoin does not increase urine output; its primary function is to treat the infection.

For the correct answer choice:
83 mL/hr is correct. To calculate the hourly rate, divide the total volume by the total time: 500 mL ÷ 6 hr ≈ 83.33 mL/hr, rounded to 83 mL/hr.

For incorrect answer choices:
100 mL/hr is incorrect. This would deliver 600 mL over 6 hours, exceeding the prescribed volume.

75 mL/hr is incorrect. This rate would only deliver 450 mL over 6 hours, which is insufficient.

90 mL/hr is incorrect. This rate would result in 540 mL over 6 hours, also exceeding the ordered amount.

For the correct answer choice:
Overusing the spray may cause your congestion to worsen after you stop using it is correct. This is known as rebound congestion, which can occur with frequent use.

For incorrect answer choices:
You might experience persistent nasal bleeding due to overuse is incorrect. While nasal irritation can occur, persistent bleeding is not a common outcome of overuse.

The medication could lead to significant discomfort in your nasal passages is incorrect. Discomfort is possible, but it is typically not severe.

Excessive use of the spray can impair your immune response to the cold virus is incorrect. Nasal sprays do not directly affect the immune response to infections.

For the correct answer choice:
A. 1 tablet is correct. To convert 200 mcg to mg, divide by 1,000: 200 mcg ÷ 1,000 = 0.2 mg. Since the tablets are 0.2 mg, the nurse administers 1 tablet.

For incorrect answer choices:
2 tablets is incorrect. This would deliver 0.4 mg, which is too much for the prescribed dose.

0.5 tablet is incorrect. This would only provide 0.1 mg, which is insufficient for the ordered dose.

3 tablets is incorrect. This would result in 0.6 mg, exceeding the ordered amount.

For the correct answer choice:
1454 mL is correct. Using the "4-2-1" formula, the calculation is as follows:

• For the first 10 kg (22 lbs): 10 kg x 4 mL/kg = 40 mL
• For the next 10 kg (from 22 to 32 lbs): 10 kg x 2 mL/kg = 20 mL
• For the remaining 8 lbs (up to 40 lbs): 8 lbs x 1 mL/kg = 8 mL
  Total fluid volume = (40 mL + 20 mL + 8 mL) x 24 hours = 68 mL x 24 = 1454 mL.

For incorrect answer choices:
1600 mL is incorrect. This calculation exceeds the appropriate maintenance volume for the child's weight.

1200 mL is incorrect. This value does not reflect the correct application of the "4-2-1" formula for the given weight.

1400 mL is incorrect. This is also lower than the calculated maintenance fluid volume.

For the correct answer choice:
4 tablets is correct. The nurse calculates the number of tablets by dividing the prescribed dose (60 mg) by the strength of the available tablets (15 mg), which equals 4 tablets.

For incorrect answer choices:
5 tablets is correct, but if presented as an answer option, it would be ambiguous as to which option is the best choice if not clearly designated.

3 tablets is incorrect. This would result in an underdosing compared to the prescribed medication amount.

2 tablets is incorrect. This calculation does not meet the client's prescribed dosage.

For the correct answer choice:
Gabapentin is correct. While it can cause dizziness, it is generally less associated with significant falls compared to the other medications listed.

For incorrect answer choices:

Sertraline is incorrect. This selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) can cause dizziness and sedation, increasing the risk of falls, especially in older adults.

Furosemide is incorrect. This diuretic can lead to dehydration and orthostatic hypotension, increasing the risk of falls.

Oxycodone is incorrect. This opioid can cause sedation, dizziness, and impaired coordination, significantly increasing the risk of falls.

For the correct answer choice:
Penicillin is correct. Although clindamycin is not a penicillin, evaluating any history of severe allergic reactions is essential as the patient may have multiple allergies or sensitivities.

For incorrect answer choices:
Azithromycin is incorrect. This medication is a macrolide antibiotic and is not related to clindamycin.
Ciprofloxacin is incorrect. This fluoroquinolone antibiotic does not cross-react with clindamycin.
Doxycycline is incorrect. Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic and does not typically cause cross-reactivity with clindamycin.

For the correct answer choice:
2 mL is correct. To achieve a dose of 10 mg from a solution of 5 mg/mL, the nurse must administer 2 mL (10 mg ÷ 5 mg/mL = 2 mL).

For incorrect answer choices:
3 mL is incorrect. This volume would provide 15 mg of dexamethasone, which exceeds the prescribed dose.

4 mL is incorrect. This volume would yield 20 mg of dexamethasone, which is too high for the order.

1 mL is incorrect. This would only provide 5 mg of dexamethasone, which is less than the ordered dose.

For the correct answer choice:
"Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction" is correct. The combination of chills, fever, and shortness of breath strongly indicates an acute hemolytic reaction, which occurs when the recipient's immune system attacks the transfused red blood cells.

For incorrect answer choices:
"Fluid overload from the transfusion" is incorrect. Fluid overload can cause respiratory distress but is less likely to cause fever or chills immediately.
"Infection from the blood product" is incorrect. While an infection can occur, it usually presents with systemic symptoms over time rather than acute symptoms during transfusion.
"Hypersensitivity reaction to the transfusion" is incorrect. Although a hypersensitivity reaction can cause respiratory distress, it typically presents with itching or rash rather than fever and chills.

For the correct answer choice:
Retinol is correct. Like isotretinoin, retinol is a form of vitamin A, and taking them together increases the risk of vitamin A toxicity.

For incorrect answer choices:
Simvastatin is incorrect. This cholesterol medication does not interact with isotretinoin significantly.

Prednisone is incorrect. There are no known critical interactions between prednisone and isotretinoin.

Omeprazole is incorrect. This medication does not interact with isotretinoin and is safe to use.

For the correct answer choice:
1.25 mL is correct. To find the amount to administer, divide the prescribed dose (12.5 mg) by the concentration (25 mg/5 mL). This results in 1.25 mL (12.5 mg / (25 mg/5 mL) = 1.25 mL).

For incorrect answer choices:
2.5 mL is incorrect. This volume would provide 25 mg of diphenhydramine, which is too high for the prescribed dose.
3 mL is incorrect. This volume would provide 30 mg of diphenhydramine, exceeding the prescribed dose.
5 mL is incorrect. This volume would provide 50 mg of diphenhydramine, which is too high.

For the correct answer choice:
28 gtts/min is correct. First, convert the infusion time to minutes (12 hours = 720 minutes). Calculate the flow rate: (2,000 mL / 720 minutes) = 2.78 mL/min. Then, multiply by the drop factor: (2.78 mL/min * 10 gtts/mL) = 27.8 gtts/min, which rounds to 28 gtts/min.

For incorrect answer choices:
33 gtts/min is incorrect. This is higher than the correct rate based on the calculations.

50 gtts/min is incorrect. This would result in an infusion rate that exceeds the prescribed total volume.

40 gtts/min is incorrect. This also is not supported by the calculations for this volume and time.

For the correct answer choice:
Diarrhea is correct. Magnesium hydroxide is known to have a laxative effect, and monitoring for diarrhea is crucial to ensure the client does not experience dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.

For incorrect answer choices:
Nausea is incorrect. While nausea can occur, it is not as critical as monitoring for diarrhea, given the medication's properties.
Fatigue is incorrect. Fatigue may be related to various factors and is not a direct side effect of magnesium hydroxide.
Rash is incorrect. While allergic reactions can occur, they are less common and should not be the primary focus compared to gastrointestinal effects.

For the correct answer choice:
Swelling of the lips and tongue is correct. This can indicate anaphylaxis, a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

For incorrect answer choices:
Elevated blood pressure and tachycardia are incorrect. While these may occur in response to anxiety or pain, they are not specific indicators of a severe allergic reaction.

Nausea and vomiting are incorrect. These symptoms can occur with many medications but are not definitive signs of a severe allergic reaction.

Abdominal pain is incorrect. This is a nonspecific symptom and does not directly indicate a serious allergic reaction to ceftriaxone.

For the correct answer choice:
To reduce the euphoric effects of alcohol consumption is correct. Naltrexone helps to mitigate cravings and the pleasure derived from drinking alcohol, aiding in recovery.

For incorrect answer choices:
To encourage a complete lifestyle change without cravings is incorrect. While it helps manage cravings, it does not ensure a complete lifestyle change on its own.

To increase sensitivity to alcohol and discourage use is incorrect. This action is characteristic of disulfiram, not naltrexone.

To provide a substitute for alcohol in social situations is incorrect. Naltrexone does not act as a substitute for alcohol; it helps to reduce the desire to drink.

For the correct answer choice:
0.5 mL is correct. To calculate the volume to administer, divide the prescribed dose (7,500 units) by the concentration of the heparin (15,000 units/mL), which equals 0.5 mL.

For incorrect answer choices:
1.0 mL is incorrect. This would administer more heparin than prescribed.

0.25 mL is incorrect. This would underdose the client compared to the prescribed amount.

1.5 mL is incorrect. This would significantly exceed the prescribed dosage.

For the correct answer choice:
Position the child lying on their side with the affected ear facing up is correct. This position helps ensure that the medication stays in the ear canal for better absorption.

For incorrect answer choices:
Shake the ear drop bottle vigorously before administration is incorrect. Most ear drops do not require shaking; refer to the product instructions.

Insert a cotton ball into the ear canal after giving the drops is incorrect. This can prevent the medication from reaching the eardrum effectively and may cause irritation.

Administer the drops while the child is standing for better access is incorrect. The child should be lying down to allow gravity to help the drops stay in the ear.